Watertech Logo

CALL (414) 425-3339

Request a Site Survey
Deaerator / Feedwater Heater Performance
Favorite this: 
Home
Knowledge Center
Deaerator / Feedwater Heater Performance
If you find you are using an excessive amount of oxygen-scavenging chemicals, you may want to investigate the performance of your deaerater (DA) or feedwater heater. These pieces of equipment preheat the boiler feedwater and assist in the removal of non-condensible gasses such as oxygen and carbon dioxide which lead to feedwater, boiler and steam/condensate system corrosion.
  • a deaerator is designed to operate with a temperature above 212 degrees F with a corresponding pressure that provides a temperature within 1 degree of the saturated steam. Typically deaerators provide feedwater with oxygen levels in the 5-7 ppb range when operating at specification.
  • a feedwater heater is typically operated below 212 degrees F and is not as efficient at removing noncondensible gas as a DA is; however, they are useful at removing some of these undesirable gasses if operated at as high a temperature as possible.

Both of these systems require a vent for removal of the released gasses. A good rule of thumb is that a deaerator should have a continuous 18 inch plume of escaping steam above the deaerator vent line.

Monitoring a DA or feedwater heater's operating efficiency is easily accomplished using a spot check oxygen analysis kit. These colorimetric tests provide an instantaneous result of oxygen concentration on a sample of feedwater. The downfall is that this test result reflects just one point in time and may not represent efficiency at other times when conditions change.

What is a better means of measuring efficiency? Check tomorrow's blog for the answer.


 
X
Sign In:
LOG IN
Don't have an account? Sign up:
CREATE AN ACCOUNT
Forgot your password? Click here
X
Enter your email address. If an account exists with that address, an email detailing how to reset the password will be sent to it.
RESET PASSWORD
X
Create Account

CREATE AN ACCOUNT
Already have an account? Log in:
LOG IN
Knowledge Center
Filter Show Filter...
Watertech Knowledge Center
Welcome to the Knowledge Center.
To store favorites or access our entire library, create an account.
SIGN IN
CREATE AN ACCOUNT
X
Filters
APPLY
Sort
Group by Document Type
Keywords
Topic
Favorites Only
Document Type
Articles
Blogs
Brochures
Calculators
Case Studies
Company News
Manuals
Newsletters
Presentations
Product Information
Technical Documents
Test Procedures
Videos
Application
Boiler Water
Cooling Water
Wastewater
Potable Water
Industry
Commercial
Dairy
Energy
Food & Beverage
Healthcare
Manufacturing
Waste to Energy
 
APPLY
Articles
CMS Mandates Water Management Programs
Tufts University School of Medicine found that more than 617,000 hospitalizations from 1991 to 2006 were related to three common opportunistic waterborne pathogens. 
60 Seconds with Jon Tiegs
60 Seconds with Jon Tiegs
Meet the Team – Employee spotlight: Jon Tiegs, Vice President. 
National Healthcare Safety Network Surveys
Download the annual surveys from the CDC's National Healthcare Safety Network. 
CMS Requires Water Management Plans
CMS says WMP's are necessary to be compliant. 
CMS Requirement to Reduce Legionella Risk
CMS Memo to State Survey Directors 
CDC Toolkit for Legionella Water Management Plans
This toolkit is designed to help people understand which buildings and devices need a Legionella water management program to reduce the risk for Legionnaires’ disease. 
Emulsion Polymers in Dairy Wastewater Pretreatment
3 Key factors to consider when feeding an emulsion polymer. 
CDC VitalSigns 2017
Legionaires' Disease – A problem for health care facilities. 
CWT Brochure
CWT Brochure
When you see CWT you have one of the industry’s best working for you. 
AWT Code of Ethics
Certified Water Technologists Code of Ethics 
AWT Environmental Statement
AWT Environmental Statement
AWT Environmental Statement The Association of Water Technologies (AWT) is an association of over 500 U.S. and international water treatment companies that provide water treatment programs for many diverse institutional, commercial and industrial water users. 
U.S. Utility Executives' Water Worries
An article from Forbes addressing the importance of water to utility industry executives. 
BSRIA Building Energy Consumption Guide
A guide describing a process for assuring that building design intention matches actual energy consumption. 
Water Hardness Map
Map of the U.S. identifying the hardness of water in milligrams per liter in specific locations. 
Improve Efficiency for Gas-Fired Boilers
Guidelines to improve boiler performance allowing you to achieve more cost effective maintenance of a steam system. 
5 Effective Heat Recovery Scenarios
Five examples of how a plate heat exchanger can provide benefits for process heating applications. 
Legionella & Legionellosis Prevention
Legionella guide from the World Health Organization. 
EPA Boiler Emission Rules
Environmental Protection Agency rules governing large and small boilers used at area source facilities. 
Avoiding Fouled Exchangers
Causes and solutions to fouling in heat exchangers.  
Optimize Heat Exchangers
Strategies to optimize heat exchanger efficiency. 
Chemically Treat Water to Control Problems
Identifying problems that a good water management system can control. 
Importance of Boiler Logs
Boiler logging will reduce accidents, downtime, and equipment loss. 
Water Maintenance and Boiler Scaling
Scale in boiler water systems is a very common issue. Consult with water treatment specialists to treat and prevent it.  
Suggested Daily Boiler Log Program
A list of instrument readings to be taken daily and recorded in your boiler log. 
Energy Management Basics
Energy management basics that should be a part of your everyday checklist routine. 
Installation of Safety Valves
Partial listing of sizing and installation highlights for steam pressure system safety valves. 
Guide to 50% Energy Savings
Guide to achieving 50% energy savings toward a net-zero energy building. 
Water Treatment in Closed Systems
A guide to understanding chemical water treatment in cooling and boiler water systems. 
Understanding Boiler Conductivity
A brief guide to better understanding boiler water conductivity. 
Cooling Equipment Fall Shutdown
Information for proper fall shutdown of cooling equipment. 
Building Energy Reduction Measures
Decrease your energy costs by using these proven effective guidelines. 
Limit Water and Energy Use
Solutions for water use and energy reduction in order to increase your bottom line and protect the environment. 
Ethanol Producer Water Conservation
Ideas to limit water use in ethanol production utilizing a "reduce, reuse, recycle" frame of mind. 
Understanding the Water Footprint
Understanding our water footprint in order to better conserve water. 
Reduce Costs with Step-down Filtration
Filtration using step-down particle retention can help reduce operating costs and achieve cleaner solutions. 
Modern Chemistry and Industrial Water Treatment
Innovative chemistries, optimization of systems and water conservation as these topics relate to scale, corrosion and microbiological prevention. 
Facilities Management - Benchmarking Systems
Benefits of online benchmarking systems for facilities management. 
Why Know the Cost of Steam?
Knowing the cost of steam to improve your bottom line. 
Energy Metrics for Buildings
Understanding energy metrics to limit energy use. 
Saving Water in Dairy Operations
New ways to save water in dairy processing. 
Facilities Energy Management
Energy reduction strategies for optimizing your bottom line. 
5 Tips for Improving Safety Performance
Five helpful tips for integrating environment, health and safety into company culture. 
Choosing a Chemical Feed Pump
Different selections of pumps for boiler water applications. 
Zero Blowdown in Cooling Water Systems
Reduce your blowdown need to zero and cycle water without limit. 
Boiler System Key Performance Indicators
Identifying key components of the boiler system and how water chemistry relates to Key Performance Indicators.  
Piping Dead-Legs Warnings
Piping dead-legs, source of plant maintenance and safety incidents. 
Starting a Boiler after Lay-Up
Necessary steps that need to be taken prior to starting boilers after a lay-up period. 
Operating Cooling Towers in Freezing Weather
Ice control and different ice formations in various types of cooling towers. 
Saving Water to Save Energy
Important connections and opportunities between water and energy. 
Importance of Boiler Water Treatment
 
Water Quality Guidelines
Guidelines for maintaining optimal water quality in evaporation cooling equipment. 
Cooling Tower Maintenance Check List
A checklist for monthly cooling tower maintenance. 
Conversion Factors
Table of conversion factors. 
Building-Associated Legionnaires Disease
10 ways that you can save time and money, prevent litigation and illness, and maybe even save a life as they relate to Legionella.  
Minimizing Energy Costs with Free Cooling
Free cooling helps you reduce refrigeration energy consumption by using evaporative cooling equipment to produce chilled water in cool weather. 
Boiler Logs Can Reduce Accidents
Explaining the different types of boiler logs, what these logs can tell you, and who is all responsible for these logs. 
Primer on Polymer Handling
Benefits of using liquid polymers in water-treatment applications and accommodating their unique characteristics. 
What to Consider When Selecting Green Cooling Towers
Criteria you should consider when evaluating your next cooling tower purchase. 
Plants Often Miss Opportunities to More Fully use Hot Water
Tips from Chemical Processing to make fullest use of its hot water, and thus cutting energy consumption. 
How To Destroy a Boiler Part 1
Part 1 - Describing some potentially catastrophic events that power and recovery boilers are prone to if not properly maintained. 
How to Destroy a Boiler Part 2
Part 2 - Describing some potentially catastrophic events that power and recovery boilers are prone to if not properly maintained. 
How to Destroy a Boiler Part 3
Part 3 - Describing some potentially catastrophic events that power and recovery boilers are prone to if not properly maintained. 
Water Management Guide
General water management guide for facility managers. 
Energy Savings in Large Office Buildings
Strategies for reducing energy savings in large office buildings by up to 50%. 
Modern Cooling Tower Considerations: Sustainability & Efficiency
Sustainable and operational benefits of molded, HDPE cooling towers. 
Preventing Boiler Scale
Maintenance requirements to prevent scale from occurring in your boiler. 
Water Optimization in Chemical Plants
Optimization efforts taken by several chemical manufacturers to reduce their water footprint.  
How to Improve Cooling Tower Efficiency
Understanding the key components of cooling towers and how to improve water efficiency. 
Preventing Legionellosis Part 1
How to prevent/minimize Legionella in your water systems. 
Blogs
New Year’s Resolutions for Industrial Water Treatment
January is a great time to reassess business strategies and include some water treatment resolutions that could improve the health of your company. 
Biocides and Disinfectants – Applications, Benefits and Best Practices
Biocides can be used for many applications including healthcare, food & beverage, industrial, and commercial. Choosing the proper disinfection technology is critical. 
Water-Energy Nexus – Save water. Save energy.
Water and energy are very much interrelated and dependent upon one another, this co-dependency is called the Water-Energy Nexus. 
Pulse~Pure® – A Chemical-Free Water Treatment Solution
Are you considering a chemical-free, cooling water treatment solution? It is important to fully understand your system design and the unique characteristics of your application when making a decision. 
Are You Ready for Cooling Layup / Boiler Startup?
Being proactive and thorough in your approach to maintenance saves time and money in the long run.  
CannedWater4Kids – Drinking Water with a Purpose
Canned Water for Kids (cW4K) is a great local charity that is making a global impact to help ensure all children have access to clean, safe drinking water. 
How to Make the Right Call When Ordering Glycol?
Ordering and receiving a glycol delivery should be a fairly straightforward and easy process; however, it takes some insight and planning to avoid complications.  
Chloride Reduction Can Reduce Operating Costs & Minimize Impact on the Environment
Making changes in how you use salt in your facility can help protect our fresh water resources, and potentially reduce your operating costs.  
The Hard Facts: Water Softener Tune-ups Help Maximize Water Quality and Reduce Cost!
Softeners are a critical component to the water treatment system. They help remove minerals to reduce scale and build-up in piping and heat transfer equipment. 
Do You Know "Sloppy Sludge" from Shinola?
Sloppy sludge is a challenge in wastewater treatment. It pays to be informed on treatment equipment and how chemicals can impact this process. 
Top Reasons an Organization Should Prioritize Safety?
Having a team that has been trained in proper safety procedures and practices ensures not only their own safety, but also the safety of customers. 
The Impact of Switching to Lake Michigan Water on Waukesha’s Commercial & Industrial Users
The water characteristics of Waukesha’s existing water supply and Lake Michigan water are quite different and will require users to consider how they manage their boiler and cooling water water treatment.. 
How to Install and Maintain Boiler Conductivity Electrodes
Learning how to properly install and maintain your boiler conductivity electrode will help improve the performance of your boiler. 
12 Days of Service
A holiday blog highlighting 12 days of service in the water industry. Happy 2017. Thank you for your partnership. 
Have You Hugged Your Boiler Today?
Have You Hugged Your Boiler Today?
How you maintain and operate your steam boiler has a direct effect on the amount of energy, water and chemicals it uses. 
Avoid Giving Your Coils the Deep Freeze This Winter!
Now is the time to ensure your system's HVAC coils are freeze protected and working properly. A frozen coil not only causes water damage, there is also the replacement cost and downtime for repairs when it is least convenient. 
When Good Boilers Go Bad. Common Problems that Shorten the Life of Your Boiler!
This article outlines a few common problems that can damage or destroy a boiler. Providing proper water treatment and regular maintenance can help prolong equipment life.  
Better Water Management - An Opportunity to Improve Sustainability and Reduce Cost
Industrial facilities use large amounts of fresh water. By reducing water usage, facilities also achieve reduced energy cost, chemical cost savings, and other benefits. 
Improving Patient Safety Through Stronger Water Management
While it is important to be compliant with the latest laws and regulations, the focal point of any effective Water Management Plan should put patient safety first.  
Choosing The Right Sanitizer Can Help You Master Food & Beverage Biological Wastewater Treatment
Sanitizers are required in food and beverage facilities. Choosing the right sanitizer can impact wastewater treatment.  
Is Your Vendor a Supplier or a Partner?
When a vendor relationship is built on trust, good communication, and a sincere investment in your business, it will drive meaningful value and a sustained competitive advantage. 
What to Consider When Selecting the Right Biocide
Choosing the right biocide saves money, by reducing downtime and maintenance costs, and increasing production efficiency.  
Cooling System Preseason Checklist
The time invested in preparation for cooling system start-up can pay big dividends later in the season. 
How to Make Cooling System Start-up a Breeze This Year
Proper preparation in the preseason is critical to ensure system efficiency, sustainability, and dependability. 
6 Benefits of Employee Training & Development
An effective employee training strategy can help employees be more productive, confident and boost moral. 
Healthy Microbes Are Key to “Superstar” Wastewater Management
Bioaugmentation can be a game-changer for wastewater management, breaking down organic matter and cleaning up waste streams.  
Feedwater Tank vs. Deaerator: How to Choose
A comparison of feedwater tanks and deaerators for storing and treating boiler feedwater. 
How Your Water Guy Can Help You With Your Digester
Waste-to-energy initiatives can greatly benefit communities by mitigating various environmental concerns like pathogen control, odor control, and groundwater contamination.  
Tapping into water savings? Your first step is a site audit.
A site audit can identify ways to reduce water, chemical, and energy usage.  
Watertech an Exhibitor at the 2016 WHEA Technical Exhibition
Watertech an Exhibitor at the 2016 WHEA Technical Exhibition
Watertech is an exhibitor at the 2016 WHEA Technical Exhibit in Green Bay 
The Cost (Savings) of Automation
Automation allows facility managers and water system operators to be more efficient.  
Why It Pays to Promote Your Sustainability Successes
Driving down the cost of water through initiatives that reduce and recycle water is good for business and good for the environment.  
Lombardi Walk/Run To Tackle Cancer
Lombardi Walk/Run To Tackle Cancer
Vince Lombardi Walk/Run to Tackle Cancer - Milwaukee 
Drive Down Water Costs Immediately With These Simple Steps
Between the price volatility of water, a growing concern for freshwater supply, and the necessity of water use in production processes, maintenance, and human consumption, it can be difficult for business owners and facility managers to manage water use in a way that is both good for business and good for the environment.  
Cooling Tower Operation and Maintenance is the Key for Improved Energy Efficiency
Are you showing your cooling tower the TLC it needs to be running at its peak performance efficiently? 
Boiler Shutdown
If proper care is not taken during the shutdown stage, these solids can settle out in drums and tubes and dry to a hard, tightly held deposit that could require chemical or severe mechanical cleaning. 
Continuous Blowdown Method of Boiler Layup
The CDP or Continuous Blowdown method of boiler layup consists of piping continuous surface blowdown from the operating boiler to the bottom of the stand-by boiler.  
Maintaining Cycles of Concentration
Your water treatment specialist can help you determine what the maximum number of cycles is for your system. 
Measuring and Controlling Dissolved Solids
Your water treatment company can help you set surface blowdown conductivity control limits that maintain the dissolved solids in a safe, economical range. 
How a Surface Blowdown System Works
Take a look at how a typical surface blowdown system works. 
June 28th Symposium and Open House
June 28th Symposium and Open House
On June 28th Watertech of America celebrated our first annual Symposium and Open House! 
How to Meet New Phosphorus Limits with Wastewater Management
Don’t be dissuaded by new regulations designed to reduce phosphorus in the Great Lakes Region watershed. Take a holistic wastewater management approach to meet discharge limits and keep you in regulatory compliance. 
Steps to Bottom Blowing a Boiler
Preferred method of performing the bottom blowdown. 
Boiler Blowdown
Why blow down your boiler? What happens if solids build up in the boiler? 
Guide to Performing Boiler Blowdown
Today's blog will get into the actual process of boiler blowdowns  
Two Methods to Boiler Blowdown
Did you know that there are different kinds of boiler blowdown? 
Adjusting your Feedwater Temperature
Increasing your feedwater temperature to above 180 degrees F will help reduce your chemical usage of oxygen scavenger, increase your efficiency and reduce thermal stress.  
Cycles of Concentration in a Cooling Water System
Water treatment programs should maximize the frequency at which its water is cycled to prevent scaling.  
Surface Blowdown
Surface blowdown and removal of dissolved solids 
Efficient Summer Cooling Tower Operation
Hopefully you have been busy getting your cooling water systems ready for the demand of the coming months 
Boiler Blowdown-Bottom Blowdown
Bottom Blowdown is used to remove suspended solids that build up in the boiler water 
Cycling Up Water in a Recirculating Cooling Tower System
As the water evaporates in a cooling tower system, it leaves behind all of the dissolved solids that were present in the fresh makeup water used to replenish system losses 
Feedwater Temperature
What is a target temperature for your feedwater? 
Choosing the Best Oxygen Scavenger for Your Boiler System
It is well known that one of the greatest threats to the integrity of a steam system is corrosion due to the effects of dissolved oxygen. 
OSHA Compliance with Global Harmonization System (GHS)
OSHA aligning their Hazard Communication System (HCS) with the UN's Globally Harmonized System (GHS) 
WATERTECH Youtube Channels
Watertech's Media! 
Who Are Water Professionals
There are many people in the community that spend good parts of their day managing water. 
Starting Up a Boiler After Summer Layup
Before you fire up your boiler, there are some steps one should take to insure the boiler is functioning properly and efficiently. 
Guidelines for Detecting Microorganisms in Cooling Water Systems
Shedding some light on the causes behind cooling water contamination 
Microorganisms in Cooling Water Systems
Plant operators focus their attention on controlling scale and corrosion, but often neglect monitoring for microorganism growth and the accumulation of silt and other foulants.  
Polymer Flocculants in Detail
This blog, we will go deeper into discussion about each type of flocculants. 
Polymer Flocculants
Polymer flocculants, what are they? and what are they used for? 
Legionnaire's Disease in the News
July 23, 2013: Our community is currently experiencing a larger than normal rate of legionella infections, including 29 suspect and confirmed cases in Milwaukee County, 19 of which are in the city of Milwaukee. 
Membrane Filter Tests
Running these membrane filter tests can keep your system running more efficiently 
Identifying Problem Condensate Areas Using Membrane Filters
Boiler plant operators are becoming increasingly aware of the importance of their steam condensate systems. 
Membrane Filter Procedure
Sampling for iron in condensate systems using the membrane filter procedure  
Boiler Oxygen Corrosion
The damage caused by oxygen can be extensive and quite costly 
Controlling Oxygen Corrosion
Mechanical deaeration and chemical deaeration are the methods for controlling this corrosion 
Deaerator / Feedwater Heater Performance
If you find you are using an excessive amount of oxygen-scavenging chemicals, you may want to investigate the performance of your deaerater (DA) or feedwater heater 
Deaerator Inspection List
A properly operating deaerator is one of the most important pieces of equipment in a boiler room 
Inefficiency of Deaerators
Deaerators play a vital role in the efficient production of steam, but you may find as time goes on their performance begins to decline. Here is a troubleshooting list that may be used to help identify the source of the decreased performance 
2 Methods of Steam Monitoring
Accurate and easy monitoring of steam purity can help minimize the occurrence and degree of carryover and thus guarantee a trouble free operation. 
Steam Monitoring for Carryover Introduction
Contaminants can cause post-boiler problems by leaving deposits or causing corrosion in critical areas of the steam system. 
Steam Purity Measurement
An important factor in the efficient operation of a modern boiler system is the ability to accurately measure the level of carryover or steam purity. 
Resin Background and Sampling
Use resins that will allow the system to operate at peak efficiency and maximum cost effectiveness 
10 Reasons Why You Should Drink Water
A month without food, but only a week without water. 
Cooling Tower Shutdown & Winter Operation
We have recently come across a couple of articles that deal with winter operation 
Water Usage
Almost 25% of customers who took the survey didn’t know the total annual water usage. 
Commit to Understanding Your Water Usage
The first in a series intended to help you think of ways to make water and water management part of your plans. 
How BlueVUE can earn you LEED Points
Our blueVUE technology puts its emphasis on spurring business growth while simultaneously preserving the world’s most precious resource. 
Legionella Standard 188-2015
Risk Management for Building Water Systems, aims to identify risk factors for growth and exposure of Legionella in industrial water systems. 
Open Cooling Systems and Closed Systems Water Treatment Checklists
Proper preparation will save time and insure the smooth running of the system through peak demand periods. 
Boiler Storage and Layup Part 2
While dry storage methods are most recommended, wet storage is an acceptable option in the event of a more temporary standby. 
Boiler Storage and Layup Part 1
Waterside surfaces of boilers that are out of service are particularly susceptible to corrosion.  
Update on FSMA Rules
The FDA's two new rules for "Good Manufacturing Practice and Hazard Analysis and Risk-Based Preventive Controls" for human and animal consumption under FSMA. 
What you need to know about FSMA
The Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) is a set of rules proposed by the FDA intended to prevent food-borne illness in the US food source. 
Controlling Denitrification
Using microbicides to effectively manage denitrification.  
Denitrification
Environmental conditions that foster certain microorganisms responsible for denitrification.  
Loss of Nitrite in Closed Systems
Controlling corrosion with non-chromate inhibitors and how fluctuations in nitrite levels can challenge their effectiveness.  
Top 3 Ways to Reduce Operating Costs in Cooling Systems
Cutting costs can be as simple as keeping your boilers and cooling towers well maintained, and free of scale and microbe build-up. 
Our client reduced chemical costs by $7,000. Why it’s a success
Cutting back on labor hours leads to greater costs in the long-run as improperly maintained systems become less efficient. Automated systems can provide industrial and commercial facilities with a reliable substitute. 
BlueVue
Find inefficiencies in your water usage with Blue Vue technology!  
5 things you should know about Legionnaires’ disease
Legionnaires' disease, how it's contracted, where it's found, how it's treated, prevention methods, and business testing. 
Mastering Corrective Actions is Key to Keeping Your System Healthy
As a facility manager, you will be working alongside your water treatment specialist as they offer guidance and support. But, in order for your boiler and cooling systems to run at maximum efficiency long-term, it will be crucial for operators to know how to perform water tests and how to take corrective action if the results are out of range.  
3 Fundamental Principles Your Water Manager Should Know
To control the cost of industrial water use, system operators should be aware of three fundamental principles: mechanical system operation, water quality testing and interpretation, and chemical use and dosage.  
Watertech of America Welcomes Chris Fox
Watertech of America Welcomes Chris Fox
Watertech welcomes Chris Fox to our team of water treatment professionals 
How to Pick Your Perfect Match for Water Management
Guidelines for selecting the best industrial water treatment supplier. 
Introducing Watertech U
Introducing Watertech U
Watertech of America's state-of-the-art facility for training operators and managers of industrial water systems. 
Badger Meter and Watertech Press Release
Badger Meter and Watertech Press Release
Badger Meter and Watertech of America announce channel partner agreement. 
Open Cooling Systems and Closed Systems Water Treatment Checklists
 
4 Common Traits of a Superstar Facility
4 Common Traits of a Superstar Facility
Four common traits that allow for a fully optimized, reliable, and cost-efficient industrial water management system. 
From Consultant to Program Manager: the Evolution of the Water Guy
The reduction in labor force, retirees, and increased efficiency expectations have paved the way for technological advancements in water management.  
Our client reduced chemical costs by $7,000. Why it’s a success.
 
How Watertech's Legionella prevention strategies save customers money
Preventing Legionella bacteria cultures in cooling towers can be done with proper support from automated sensor alerts and chemical delivery. 
Update on FSMA Rules
 
What You Need to Know about FSMA
 
Loss of Nitrite in Closed Systems
 
ASHRAE Guideline 12 - Legionella
From ASHRAE, Guideline 12 sets forth ways to manage the risks posed by cooling towers specific to Legionella. 
Legionella Standard 188-2015
 
Water Usage
 
Steam Monitoring for Carryover Introduction
 
Steam Purity Measurement
 
Brochures
Wastewater Treatment
Wastewater has the experience to help troubleshoot challenges and meet compliance requirements.  
Freedom Plus - Chemical Delivery
Hands-free chemical delivery improves safety and minimizes risk.